Executive Summary : | Green hydrogen-based fuel cells (FCs) are a promising solution for renewable energy in microgrids, balancing the intermittency of renewable energy sources. However, batteries have lower energy density, slower charging, continuous degradation, and environmental hazards. Despite this, FCs are often used in conjunction with batteries to form hybrid energy storage systems (HESS). Integrating fuel cell technology into the microgrid through the power electronics interface is a challenge, as it requires a well-designed optimization strategy for energy management. One key issue in microgrids is the lack of time coordination among various energy sources connected through components like the isolated DC-DC full bridge converter, MPPT of the PV system, DC-DC converter of the battery, and bidirectional voltage source converter (VSC). Without operational time synchronization, the DC voltage link fluctuates rapidly, causing challenges like reverse current in the electrolyzer and non-uniform depletion of electrodes in the fuel cell. To address this, coordinated control for time-constant synchronization will be proposed. Additionally, investigations will be conducted on the ancillary service capabilities of FC-based microgrids, with a focus on areas such as frequency support, oscillation damping, and voltage support. Intelligent controllers like adaptive physics-inspired neural network (APINN) and adaptive model predictive controller (AMPC) will be proposed to maximize the microgrid's efficiency. In alignment with the "hydrogen valley innovation cluster project" initiated by the Indian government, the project aims to model, analyze, simulate, and experimentally validate the performance of the microgrid with different levels of GH penetration and propose its time coordination and ancillary services. |