Executive Summary : | The global demand for biomaterials is expected to rise significantly, but the cost and durability of these materials remain significant concerns for low and middle-income countries. Biomedical implants often fail at the surface due to fatigue, wear, and corrosion. Designing an appropriate surface is crucial for developing next-generation biomaterials and engineering materials. Ti- and Mg-alloys are gaining importance in engineering and biomedical applications due to their strength-to-weight ratio advantage but poor tribological resistance and high oxygen affinity. Surface engineering is a helpful methodology for enhancing the capabilities of these alloys. Surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) is popular due to its operational simplicity, economy, and ability to refine microstructure and tune properties. SMAT can produce a gradient-structured surface layer of hundreds of micrometres, but its competence for non-ferrous materials like Ti- and Mg-alloys is still poorly understood. Surface alloying with boron and nitrogen is a promising approach to enhance surface hardness and prevent the release of toxic elements from Ti-64 alloy implants. Combining surface engineering technologies can further enhance the global behavior of materials, and it is essential to explore the influence of multiple surface treatments on the corrosion and tribology of Ti- and Mg-alloys. This project aims to enhance the life of Ti- and Mg-alloys in biomedical and engineering applications and identify the best surface engineering processes for these alloys. |