Executive Summary : | The development of piezoelectric materials for experiments at room temperature began in the late 1890s, with the lead zirconate titanate (PZT) family exhibiting superior properties. In the early 1990s, research focused on optimizing the performance of PZT under cryogenic conditions below 123 Kelvin. Piezoelectric actuation is widely applicable across various fields, renowned for its capacity to deliver substantial force with minimal displacement, low power consumption, and rapid responsiveness. Cryogenic actuators find utility in various applications, including storage and transportation of fuels, welding, cutting, 3-D printing, and more. The project aims to advance the development and application of piezoelectric materials and devices in cryogenic environments, enhancing their performance and utility across various fields of application. The project includes synthesis and characterization of cryogenic-compatible piezoelectric materials, fabrication of stacked PZT doped with materials to enhance its piezoelectric properties, and design and fabrication of cryogenic compatible piezo-actuated nozzles and thermal switches. The combination of cryogenics and piezo is hypothesized to offer superior control over the precise management of fluid and heat flow. |