Executive Summary : | Nonfossil fuels like hydroelectricity and nuclear face challenges such as land acquisition, deforestation, and hazards. Green energy sources like solar and wind are being developed as a viable alternative to conventional energy sources. Large capacity wind turbines (5-10 Mw) installed at sea are an economically viable option for harnessing wind energy. However, onshore large capacity wind turbines are not advisable due to noise, land acquisition, and reduced visibility. Offshore wind turbines are complex structures that experience multidirectional cyclic loads, dynamic loads, and static loads simultaneously. Monopiles are typically used as foundations for offshore wind turbines, carrying lateral cyclic load, vertical compressive load, and moment. A stable and safe monopile foundation is essential for the wind turbine's stability. However, major professional bodies like BS, IS, API, ASTM, and DNV do not have design recommendations for monopiles or recommend design parameters of small diameter long/short piles. The load transfer mechanism of small diameter long piles differs from that of monopiles, and there is no method to determine essential design parameters like cyclic effect on lateral base resistance, point of rotation, and location of maximum passive resistance. This research aims to develop a robust design method for a monopile experiencing offshore loading conditions and propose design parameters based on the hostile environmental loading (wind & wave) condition at the Bay of Bengal. The outcome will provide essential design parameters for monopile foundation design up to 50m seawater depth and study the effect of multidirectinal environmental load on monile-soilstifnes. |