Executive Summary : | The e-mobility of public transportation systems can reduce environmental and congestion issues and promote sustainability. Buses are a cost-effective option due to their low energy usage and flexible operation. However, battery electric buses require a dedicated charging infrastructure network. This research aims to understand how operational factors affect electric bus operation, develop a charging infrastructure optimization model accounting for energy consumption, travel time, and charging rate, and develop a charging scheduling framework in case of system disruptions. The research aims to design electric bus systems that operate reliably under routine operational perturbations and limited non-routine disruptions, thereby enhancing the overall efficiency of public transportation. The research's significance lies in developing models for designing electric bus systems that can withstand both routine and non-routine disruptions. |