Executive Summary : | The research aims to convert biomass to biochar through carbonization, a sustainable and clean alternative to low-grade fossil fuels. Biochar, produced through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), has advantages such as high calorific value, carbon content, and low oxygen content. However, conventional HTC has limitations due to high heat loss, uneven heating, and long residence times. Millet, a high nutrient content, climatic resilience, and sustainable agricultural practices, is being promoted for its potential in bioenergy and valuable material production. The project aims to convert millet crop residue (MCR) to HC using microwave-assisted HTC, followed by activation and application in cosmetics and personal care products. Waste liquid generated from HTC will be used for H2 gas production. The project will involve selecting a suitable MCR, optimizing process parameters, determining the physical activation and characterization of activated carbon (AC), characterizing and supercritical water gasification of MW-HTC processing liquid, and analyzing environmental impact and techno-economic analyses. The project aims to mitigate disposal issues with MCR by producing green coal and value-added products, increasing the efficiency of the HTC process, and providing eco-friendly conversion and valorization of biomass. |