Executive Summary : | The rapid growth of the global population and industrialization has led to a significant increase in fuel consumption, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Biodiesel is a promising alternative due to its favorable characteristics. India consumes 850 x107 litres of diesel per month, and a 5% blend is required for biodiesel production. A 110 x107 litres biodiesel can be synthesized from 140 x107 WCO collected annually. Using WCO for biodiesel synthesis can reduce costs and environmental contamination associated with disposal. The development of an efficient catalyst and reactor that maximizes the surface area between non-miscible components can significantly reduce biodiesel production costs. Intensification techniques like ultrasonication and microwave can increase product yield while minimizing resources. This research aims to develop and characterize a novel IL-based nano-photocatalyst for biodiesel production, develop an experimental setup for microwave-ultrasound assisted transesterification of WCO, investigate the effect of process parameters on biodiesel yield, estimate kinetic and thermodynamic parameters, analyze the properties of produced biodiesel according to EN/ASTM/BS standards, and design a continuous biodiesel production process on a large scale based on economic, environmental, and safety criteria. Experimental and theoretical studies will be conducted using a combination of microwave and ultrasound techniques to enhance biodiesel yield with lesser energy consumption. Fulfillment of these objectives will lead to efficient biodiesel production contributing to 22% of renewable fuel, reduced environmental degradation, and increased safety. |