Executive Summary : | Biodiesel is a promising alternative energy source to meet rising energy demands and reduce environmental pollution caused by excessive petroleum fuel use. However, basic solid catalysts are not effective for transesterifying low-cost biodiesel feedstocks like waste cooking oil and Jatropha oil with high free fatty acid (FFA), as they are highly sensitive to FFA, leading to soap generation and reduced biodiesel yield. solid acid catalysts are insensitive to FFA and esterify LCBF, but water byproduct can inhibit catalyst activity by proton solvation, reducing the rate of esterification reaction between FFA and methanol during biodiesel production. The development of an engineered catalyst with inherent hydrophobic and thermal stability is highly sought-after in biodiesel research. Organocatalysts are becoming increasingly important due to the problem of undesirable leaching of active metal species into chemical production reactions. This proposal proposes the production of a highly robust biomass-derived highly porous spherical organocatalyst by hydrothermal carbonization. statistical tools such as the response surface methodology (RsM) technique can help organic chemists predict the outcome of proposed reactions with minimal time and number of reactions performed. This technique is highly economical and ecofriendly, as it minimizes unnecessary wastage of chemicals during chemical synthesis. Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis is used as a potential indicator to evaluate the real-life marketability of biodiesel and profitability of biodiesel industries. The proposed biodiesel production using LCBF will be evaluated using LCC analysis to reveal the market competitiveness. |