Executive Summary : | A High-performance Na-ion battery (NIB) will be fabricated with graphite anode in the presence of "glyme” family solution G2 or G4, adopting the solvent-co-intercalation mechanism. In the half-cell assembly, the graphite anode renders to deliver the specific capacity of above 120 mAh or g with a long-durability of 500 cycles by keeping 80% depth-of-discharge. The full-cell assembly is one of the essential parameters to study the feasibility of the anode prepared. Accordingly, in-house layered (Na2 or 3Ni₁ or 3Mn2 or 3O2) or polyanion framework (Na3V2(PO₄)3, Na3V2(PO₄)2F3) cathode will be prepared scalable synthesis procedure and paired with the graphite anode by adjusting the mass loading between anode and cathode. Once the full cell is fabricated, the energy density is very crucial; through this assembly, we anticipate a value of above 80 Wh or kg at ambient temperature conditions. The proposed energy density is two or three-fold higher than the conventional rechargeable systems like Ni-Cd, Ni-MH, and Pb-acid batteries. Moreover, the targeted energy density is very close in proximity to the state-of-the-art LIBs. Although the NIBs are projected as a prospective replacement for the LIBs, NIBs in various environmental conditions (-20 to 50 oC) were also explored to ensure the potential use of graphite anode. Until this point, both the half-cell and full-cell assemblies will be studied in the CR2016 coin-cell configuration. Once the Pouch cell line is established, the same configuration will be translated to ensure the results obtained in the half-cell configuration. since pouch cell performance is considered one step closer to commercialization. On the other hand, regarding the synthesis of graphitic carbon, we have established an efficient recycling strategy for spent LIBs to produce expanded graphite or recovered graphite which is essential to keep the environment clean and tidy. Further, an attempt will be made to synthesize the partially exfoliated graphite, few-layer graphite, and catalyst-assisted synthetic carbon besides the desired modification from the commercial graphite. |