Executive Summary : | Modern power systems, including microgrids and bulk power systems, are becoming increasingly hybrid due to the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems. While static converter-based sources are becoming more prevalent, inertia-based synchronous machine-based generation remains essential for providing necessary inertia. Most inverter-based generation operates in grid-following mode, requiring a specific voltage and frequency at the point of common coupling (PCC) to operate properly. This grid-forming operation is essential for power system operation, including black-start and inertia support.
Technologies are being developed to operate inverter-based sources in grid-forming mode, and future power systems will likely consist of grid-following inverters and grid-forming assets in the form of grid-forming inverters and synchronous machines. The interoperability of these grid-forming assets is crucial for the system's reliability. This project aims to investigate the interoperability of various grid-forming resources in a hybrid power system, analyzing different operating scenarios and exploring possible means of operation for different grid-forming and grid-following resources. The project will also study the interaction of different types of grid-forming assets, including interactions between grid-forming inverter-based generation fed from various RESs and the control of exciter and governor dynamics of synchronous-machine-based grid-forming assets. |