Executive Summary : | Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSC) have shown impressive performance in recent years, with a 25.5% power conversion efficiency. This is largely due to the efficient charge separation between the hole transporting material (HTM) and electron transporting material. Low-cost and stable ETMs like TiO2 and SnO2 have been explored for PSC applications. Hole transporting material (HTM) plays a crucial role in enhancing light to electricity conversion in PSCs. The 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis(N,N'-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) HTM with PSCs has shown better device performance due to its thermal stability and solubility in organic solvents. However, the complex synthetic procedure and purification of spiro-OMeTAD make device fabrication economically less suitable. Therefore, there is a need for cost-effective HTMs with excellent hole-transporting properties. These HTMs function as a hole-selective contact, extracting photogenerated holes and transmitting them to the counter electrode. This reduces series resistance and interfacial recombination, leading to higher fill factor and open-circuit voltage. Therefore, new HTMs are needed that are commercially cheap, easy to synthesize, and show better device performance than spiro-OMeTAD materials. |