National Missions
Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana (DAY) was launched under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation (HUPA), Government of India with an aim to uplift the urban poor folks by enhancing sustainable livelihood opportunities through skill development. The scheme is integration of the National Urban Livelihoods Mission (NULM) and National Rural Livelihoods Mission (NRLM). The scheme has two components: one for urban India and other for rural India. The rural component named as Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) will be implemented by the Ministry of Rural Development. NULM is renamed as Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana-(DAY-NULM) and in Hindi as - Rashtriya Shahri Aajeevika Mission.
Urban poverty being multi-dimensional, there are various vulnerabilities faced by the poor in cities and towns: occupational, residential and social, that need to be addressed simultaneously in a comprehensive and integrated manner, along with a targeted focus on the more vulnerable groups. The objective of DAY-NULM is to reduce poverty and vulnerability of the urban poor households by enabling them to access gainful self employment and skilled wage employment opportunities on a sustainable basis, through building strong grassroots level. The scheme addresses the livelihood concerns of the urban street vendors by facilitating suitable space, institutional credit, social security and skills, thereby enabling them to access emerging market opportunities.
This scheme also provides financial assistance for market-oriented Skill Training and Placement of the urban poor through City Livelihood Centers. Social Mobilization and Institution Development is aided by formation of Self-Help Groups (SHG) for training members and hand holding, with financial support to such SHGs as well as Registered Area Level Federations. Loans and interest subsidy is given for setting up individual micro-enterprises as well as for group enterprises. DAY-NULM places high emphasis on convergence with schemes/programmes of the relevant line Ministries/Departments and programmes of state governments dealing with skills, livelihoods, entrepreneurship development, health, education, social assistance etc. An alliance strategy is sought with all concerned departments to promote skills training of rural-urban migrants toward bridging the gap between the livelihoods of the rural and urban poor. NULM aims at partnership with the private and civil society in providing shelters, skill training, and also in facilitating technological, marketing and hand holding support for the urban poor entrepreneurs.
In DAY-NRLM, under Universal Social Mobilization, at least one woman member from each identified rural poor household is to be brought under the SHG network in a time bound manner. Special emphasis is particularly on vulnerable communities such as manual scavengers, victims of human trafficking, Tribal Groups, Persons with Disabilities and bonded labour. NRLM has devised special strategies to reach out to these communities and help them come out of poverty. The inclusion of the target group under NRLM is determined by a well-defined, transparent and equitable process of participatory identification of poor (PIP) at the level of the community. All households identified as poor through the PIP process are eligible for all the benefits under the programme. NRLM provides Revolving Fund (RF) and Community Investment Fund (CIF) as resources to the institutions of the poor, to strengthen their institutional and financial management capacity and build their track record to attract mainstream bank finance. NRLM focuses on stabilizing and promoting existing livelihood portfolio as well as livelihoods enhancement through expanding options and tapping new opportunities in farm and non-farm sectors, building skills for the job market outside and nurturing self-employed and entrepreneurs.